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The use of Social Security Numbers (SSNs) for identification and record-keeping purposes is an outdated practice, and it will soon be a violation on the Standard Paper Remit (SPR) generated by Medicare Administrative Contractors (MACs). The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has instructed MACs, in CR 11289, to update the SPR to ensure […]
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Brand history
Liquid Paper (a bottle of correction fluid), picture and eraser.
In 1951, Bette Nesmith Graham, (mother of Monkees member Michael Nesmith) invented the first correction fluid in her kitchen. Working as a typist, she used to make many mistakes and always strived for a way to correct them. Starting on a basis of tempera paint she mixed with a common kitchen blender. She called the outcome fluid Mistake Out and started to provide her coworkers with small green bottles on which the brand’s name was displayed.
By 1956, Bette Nesmith Graham founded the Mistake Out Company and continued working from her kitchen nights and weekends to produce small batches of correction bottles. Ironically, she was fired from her typist job after she made a mistake she did not manage to correct. After this stroke of bad luck, she decided to devote her time to her new company. And business boomed.
The inventor offered the product to IBM, which declined the offer. She sold the product, renamed Liquid Paper, from her house for 17 years. By 1968, the product was profitable, and in 1979 the Liquid Paper Corporation was sold to the Gillette Corporation for $ 47.5 million with royalties.
In 2000, Liquid Paper was acquired by Newell Rubbermaid. In some regions of the world, Liquid Paper is now endorsed by Papermate, a widely known writing instruments brand.
Main products
Liquid Paper offers a variety of products in the 3 different forms mentioned earlier. Here are some of them (non-exhaustive list):
Dryline Grip (correction tape)
Dryline Grip Recycled with 67% of recycled materials (correction tape)
7ml Correction pen
Fast Dry (correction fluid)
Toxicity and ingredients
Liquid paper came under scrutiny in the 1980s, due to concerns over recreational sniffing of the product. The hydrocarbon 1,1,1-trichloroethane, was used as a thinner in the product. Liquid paper using this thinner was thought to be toxic and cancer causing, but later studies have shown that although the thinner used was toxic there was no evidence of carcinogenicity. There were a number of studies linking fatalities to the trichloroethane contained in correction fluids, including Liquid Paper.
The removal of trichloroethane, by Gillette Corporation, from Liquid Paper commenced due to Proposition 65 declaring it hazardous and toxic. Liquid Paper was reformulated so that trichloroethane was no longer used in the product, and as of 2009 the current product contains no toxic solvents.
Liquid Paper contains titanium dioxide, solvent naphtha, mineral spirits, resins, dispersant, colorants and fragrance.
See also
Correction fluid
Correction tape
Wite-Out
Tipp-Ex
References
^ “Liquid Paper Correction Fluid, White. Material Safety Data Sheet”. Ohio State University College of Biological Sciences. 01 January 1985. Archived from the original on 22 July 2009. http://www.webcitation.org/5iTQCQ8OH.
^ Sullivan, John Burke; Krieger, Gary R. (2001). Clinical environmental health and toxic exposures. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 497. ISBN 068308027X. OCLC 41606485. http://books.google.com/books?id=PyUSgdZUGr4C&pg=PA497. Retrieved 23 July 2009. “Trichloroethane generally is less toxic than methylene chloride … is not teratogenic and carcinogenicity and mutagenicity testing has proven inconclusive.”
^ “Sudden Death in Adolescents Resulting From the Inhalation of Typewriter Correction Fluid”. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association 253 (11): 16046. 15 March 1985. PMID 3974043. http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/short/253/11/1604. “We describe four cases of sudden death in adolescents associated with recreational sniffing of typewriter correction fluid occurring during the period 1979 through mid-1984.”.
^ “Fatal cerebral oedema following trichloroethane abuse.”. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 83 (8): 533534. August 1990. PMID 2231588.
^ Paddock, Richard C. (29 September 1989). “Gillette Agrees to Remove Toxics From Its Paper Correction Fluid”. Sacramento: Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 22 July 2009. http://www.webcitation.org/5iTIv5LFW. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
^ Estrin, Norman F.; Akerson, James M. (2000). “Proposition 65”. Cosmetic regulation in a competitive environment. New York, New York: Marcel Dekker. p. 138. ISBN 0824775163. http://books.google.com/books?id=O8z3Nn9HzKIC&pg=PA138. Retrieved 23 July 2009. “Gillette agreed to reformulate the product so that it would not pose a risk requiring a Proposition 65 warning”
^ “Paper Mate Liquid Paper Fast Drying Correction Fluid” (PDF). MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET – MSDS #: 56401. Sanford NA. 2003. http://www.sanfordcorp.com/sanford/pdfs/Liquid%20Paper%20Fast%20Drying%20Fluid.pdf. Retrieved 2009-08-18.
External links
Newell Rubbermaid Official website
Papermate US website
Official Web site
Liquid Paper on inventors.about.com
Categories: Correction instruments | Stationery | Newell Rubbermaid brands
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