Click here for more sample CPC practice exam questions with Full Rationale Answers

Practice Exam

Click here for more sample CPC practice exam questions and answers with full rationale

Practice Exam

CPC Practice Exam and Study Guide Package

Practice Exam

What makes a good CPC Practice Exam? Questions and Answers with Full Rationale

CPC Exam Review Video

Laureen shows you her proprietary “Bubbling and Highlighting Technique”

Download your Free copy of my "Medical Coding From Home Ebook" at the top right corner of this page

Practice Exam

2018 CPC Practice Exam Answer Key 150 Questions With Full Rationale (HCPCS, ICD-9-CM, ICD-10, CPT Codes) Click here for more sample CPC practice exam questions with Full Rationale Answers

Practice Exam

Click here for more sample CPC practice exam questions and answers with full rationale

Get to the Heart of Coding TAVR

Solidify your understanding of aortic valve disease and how to report this life-changing treatment. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a minimally invasive cardiac procedure to replace a diseased aortic valve in a person’s heart. The most common reason to undergo TAVR is aortic stenosis, which is an abnormal narrowing of the aortic valve opening […]

The post Get to the Heart of Coding TAVR appeared first on AAPC Knowledge Center.

AAPC Knowledge Center

TAVR Approved Clinical Study

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR – also known as TAVI or transcatheter aortic valve implantation) is a new technology for use in treating aortic stenosis. A bioprosthetic valve is inserted percutaneously using a catheter and implanted in the orifice of the native aortic valve.
CMS issued a Medicare National Coverage Determination on May 1, 2012 which allows coverage of TAVR under Coverage with Evidence Development (CED) with certain conditions.  The complete determination is available on our website.  As part of CED, we are identifying below the Medicare approved registry and Medicare approved clinical trials which have been reviewed and determined to meet the requirements of coverage.
Clinical Study Approvals
Study Title: REPRISE IV: Repositionable Percutaneous Replacement of Stenotic Aortic Valve through Implantation of LOTUS Edge Valve System in IntermediatE Surgical Risk Subjects
Sponsor: Boston Scientific
Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT03618095
Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) Number: G160209
CMS Approval Date: 10/16/2018
Study Title: Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) With Medtronic TAVR System in Patients With Severe Bicuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis and at Low Predicted Risk of Mortality With Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement (SAVR)
Sponsor: Medtronic Cardiovascular
Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT03635424
Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) Number: G160022
CMS Approval Date: 10/10/2018
Study Title: A Prospective, Single-arm, Controlled, Multicenter Study to Establish the Safety and Effectiveness of the CENTERA THV System in Intermediate Risk Patients Who Have Symptomatic, Severe, Calcific, Aortic Stenosis Requiring Aortic Valve Replacement
Sponsor: Edwards Lifesciences
Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT03517436
Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) Number: G180045
CMS Approval Date: 07/05/2018
Study Title: Strategies to Prevent Transcatheter Heart Valve Dysfunction in Low Risk Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Sponsor: Medstar Health Research Institute
Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT03557242
Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) Number: G150207
CMS Approval Date: 06/28/2018
Study Title: Transfemoral Replacement of Aortic Valve with HLT MeriDIAN Valve Early Feasibility Trial (RADIANT)
Sponsor: HLT Inc.
Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT02799823
Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) Number: G160091
CMS Approval Date: 06/29/2017
Study Title: Evaluation of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Compared to SurveilLance for Patients With AsYmptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis
Sponsor: Edwards Lifesciences
Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT03042104
Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) Number: G160259
CMS Approval Date: 06/05/2017
Study Title: Edwards SAPIEN 3 TVH PARTNER 3 Aortic Valve-in-Valve Trial
Sponsor: Edwards Lifesciences
Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT03003299
Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) Number: G150278
CMS Approval Date: 01/17/2017
Study Title: Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement to UNload the Left ventricle in patients with ADvanced heart failure: a randomized trial (TAVR UNLOAD)
Sponsor: Cardiovascular Research Foundation
ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT02661451
Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) Number: G150252
CMS Approval Date: 09/06/2016
Study Title: JenaValve AS EFS study
Sponsor: JenaValve Technology, Inc.
ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT02732691
Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) Number: G150035
CMS Approval Date: 07/20/2016
Study Title: JenaValve AR EFS study
Sponsor: JenaValve Technology, Inc.
ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT02732704
Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) Number: G150035
CMS Approval Date: 07/12/2016
Study Title: Low Risk TAVR
Sponsor: MedStar Cardiovascular Research Institute
ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT02628899
Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) Number: G150207
CMS Approval Date: 07/01/2016
Study Title: Medtronic CoreValve Evolut R US Clinical Study: Evolut 34R Addendum
Sponsor: Medtronic
ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT02746809
Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) Number: G140059
CMS Approval Date: 06/06/2016
Study Title: Medtronic Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) 2.0 US Clinical Study
Sponsor: Medtronic
ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT02738853
Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) Number: G160039
CMS Approval Date: 05/31/2016
Study Title: SAPIEN 3 THV PARTNER 3 Trial
Sponsor: Edwards Lifesciences
ClinicalTrials.gov Number : NCT02675114
Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) Number: G150278
CMS Approval Date: 03/17/2016
Study Title: Medtronic Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) with the Medtronic Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement System (TAVR) in patients at Low Risk for Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement (SAVR)
Sponsor: Medtronic
ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT02701283
Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) Number: G160022
CMS Approval Date: 03/17/2016
Study Title:  REPRISE III: REpositionable Percutaneous Replacement of Stenotic Aortic Valve through Implantation of Lotus™ Valve System – Randomized Clinical Evaluation
Sponsor:  Boston Scientific Corporation
ClinicalTrials.gov Number : NCT02202434
Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) Number:  G140090
CMS Approval Date: 09/13/2014
Study Title:  The Medtronic CoreValve™ Evolut R™ Clinical Study
Sponsor:  Medtronic
ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT02207569  
Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) Number: G140059
CMS Approval Date: 07/24/2014
Study Title: TranScatheter Aortic Valve RepLacement System a US Pivotal Trial (SALUS)
Sponsor:  Direct Flow Medical, Inc.
ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT02163850
Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) Number: G120160
CMS Approval Date: 06/05/2014
Study Title: Portico Re-sheathable Transcatheter Aortic Valve System US IDE Trial (PORTICO) Interventional Trial
Sponsor: St. Jude Medical
ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT02000115
Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) Number: G120263
CMS Approval Date: 03/25/2014
Study Title: SALUS Trial: The Direct Flow Medical Transcatherter Aortic Valve Replacement System US Feasibility Trial
Sponsor: Direct Flow Medical
ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT01932099
Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) Number: G120160
CMS Approval Date: 09/25/2013
Study Title: Alternative Access Approaches for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replace (TAVR) in Inoperable Patients with Aortic Stenosis
Sponsor: The Society of Thoracic Surgeons and The American College of Cardiology Foundation
ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT01787084
Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) Number: G120291
CMS Approval Date: 02/07/2013
Study Title:  Medtronic CoreValve Surgical Replacement and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (SURTAVI)
Sponsor: Medtronic
ClinicalTrials.gov Number:  NCT01586910
Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) Number:  G120169
CMS Approval Date:  09/05/2012
Study Title: Medtronic CoreValve Expanded Use Study
Sponsor: Medtronic
ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT01675440
Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) Number: G100012
CMS Approval Date: 09/11/2012
Study Title:  PARTNER II Trial (Placement of AoRTic TraNscathetER Valves Trial II)
Sponsor: Edwards Lifesciences
ClinicalTrials.gov Number:  NCT01314313
Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) Number:  G090216
CMS Approval Date: 05/01/2012
Study Title: Medtronic CoreValve U.S. Pivotal Trial
Sponsor: Medtronic
ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT01240902
Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) Number:  G100012
CMS Approval Date: 05/01/2012
Study Title:  Medtronic CoreValve Continued Access Study
Sponsor: Medtronic
ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT01531374
Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) Number:  G100012
CMS Approval Date: 05/01/2012


Coding Ahead

TAVR Rules Changed by CMS


Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) national coverage policy rules have been streamlined by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) as the minimally invasive intravenous procedure becomes more commonplace. However, it is still consider a clinical trial because of its relatively recent development.

CMS said it will continue to cover TAVR under coverage with evidence development (CED) when furnished according to an FDA-approved indication. However, CMS is updating the coverage criteria for hospitals and physicians to begin or maintain a TAVR program. The decision provides greater flexibility for hospitals and providers to meet the requirements for performing TAVR.

TAVR Saves Breastbones,

Used to treat aortic stenosis, TAVR allows the replacement of the valve via a catheter, avoiding the traditional, sternum-severing open-heart procedures.

Under X-ray guidance, the catheter is introduced via an incision in the groin or the arm and threaded through the arteries to the valve. A balloon is inflated to reopen the valve, and a TAVR bioprosthetic valve is placed and deployed. The physician removes the catheter.

While less traumatic than the open procedure, TAVR carries its share of risks. The qualifications of the physicians who perform  and the patients who benefit from the procedure have been closely watched by CMS and professional societies, with a National Coverage Decision (NCD) released in 2012.  This is now updated for the 150+ hospitals performing TAVR.

Updated TAVR NCD:

The updated NCD  requires the facility uses FDA-approved supplies and instruments to perform the procedure. It requires that the patient meeting a number of criteria,

Is under the care of a multi-disciplinary heart team pre-operatively and post-operatively.

That IVR cardiologists and cardiac surgeons jointly participate in the intra-operative technical aspects of TAVR.

The facility and physicians must fulfill requirements if adopting TAVR for the first time or if experienced in the technique. Hospitals must perform at least 50 TAVRs and more than 300 percutaneous coronary interventions per year.

They must participate in a prospect, nation, audited registry that follows TAVR patients for at least a year and monitors,
  • Stroke
  • All-cause mortality
  • Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAs)
  • Major vascular events
  • Acute kidney injury
  • Repeat aortic valve procedures
  • New permanent pacemaker implantation
  • Quality of Life (QoL)

Facilities may also perform TAVRs not expressly listed as an FDA-approved indication when performed within a clinical study if it fulfills standard and added research protocol.

Coding the TAVR:

Coding TAVR is complex, since it’s an intravenous procedure relying on radiology. Medical necessity is key to Medicare reimbursement, and the patient will no doubt be run through a gamut of tests, such as an echocardiogram, CT scan, angiogram, or electrocardiogram.  The patient must be in a heart program, and the decision to perform a TAVR isn’t quick. Once confirmed, aortic stenosis is easy to find in ICD-10-CM.

Be sure to correctly note the families of arteries through which the catheters are routed. TAVR cardiovascular access and delivery procedures are reported with CPT 33361-33366 with the appropriate add-on codes for bypass (33367-33369).

Source: TAVR Rules Changes

Updated NCD list:Click Here

Additional Information:  

1. The claim must have a Place of Service (POS) 21
2. Also, the claim lines for these procedure codes on professional clinical trial claims must have the modifier Q0 (Investigational clinical service provided in a clinical research study that is in an approved clinical research study
3.Similarly, professional claims for TAVR procedure codes must have modifier 62
4.Finally, the clinical trial claim line must contain the secondary diagnosis code of ICD-10 of Z00.6
5. Claim must have Clinical Trail Number (8 digit number


Coding Ahead

TAVR Rules Changed by CMS

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) national coverage policy rules have been streamlined by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) as the minimally invasive intravenous procedure becomes more commonplace. However, it is still consider a clinical trial because of its relatively recent development. CMS said it will continue to cover TAVR under coverage with evidence […]

The post TAVR Rules Changed by CMS appeared first on AAPC Knowledge Center.

AAPC Knowledge Center

CMS Updates TAVR National Coverage Policy

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) announced, June 21, a final decision to update the national coverage policy for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for aortic stenosis. It has been seven years since the original national coverage determination (NCD) went into effect. The update was necessary to account for the continued development of […]

The post CMS Updates TAVR National Coverage Policy appeared first on AAPC Knowledge Center.

AAPC Knowledge Center

TAVR coding – 33361

Surgeon had a TAVR procedure converted to a SAVR (same operative session) because of a ruptured aortic annulus. The TAVR valve had been deployed and the device removed when the pt became hypotensive. They instituted bypass, opened the sternum, removed the TAVR valve, repaired the ruptured annulus, placed the new valve and enlarged the annulus. Looking for some information / direction on how to code this….. do you know what CPT code/modifier you report for removal of the TAVR valve? thanks in advance for your help!

Medical Billing and Coding Forum

CTA studies prior to TAVR

My radiologist is asking if they can charge 72175, 75574 and 74174 when they perform CTA’s in workup prior to TAVR. As far as my research seems to indicate, these three are billable when performed in the same session. As far as the aortic annular and vascular measurements, I believe they are performed by Medtronic. Does that sound right to you? My rad didn’t perform that portion and wants to make sure we aren’t billing for something he didn’t do.

I understand the ECG gating is bundled into the 75574, right? Would you bill all three CTA codes? If not, can you guide me to any literature saying so?

Thank you!

Here is an example:

EXAM: CT TAVR W/CONTRAST-TG #/##/2018
*
HISTORY: ##-year-old male with aortic stenosis undergoing preprocedural
evaluation and planning for TAVR.
*
TECHNIQUE: After scout images, a noncontrast gated scan of the heart and
nongated acquisition of the chest abdomen pelvis was acquired. Using
retrospective dose modulated ECG gating, CT angiography of the heart, was
obtained following the uneventful administration of 100 cc of Isovue-370.
intravenous contrast. An acquisition of the chest abdomen and pelvis was
then acquired utilizing a flash acquisition. Sagittal and coronal thin
MIP reconstructions were generated and reviewed.
In accordance with CT policies/protocols and the ALARA principle,
radiation dose reduction techniques (such as automated exposure control,
adjustment of mA/kV according to patient size and/or iterative
reconstruction technique) were utilized for this examination.
*
Aortic annular and vascular measurements will be generated within a
separate report.

The body of the report:

FINDINGS:
VASCULAR:
There is a left-sided 3 vessel aortic arch. No aortic aneurysm,
dissection, or intramural hematoma. There are mild ascending aortic
calcifications.
There are moderate calcified and noncalcified atherosclerotic plaques in
the aorta and its major branches. There is severe stenosis of the
bilateral subclavian arteries secondary to bilateral cervical ribs.
Significant calcification and thickening seen about the aortic valve
leaflets, consistent with known aortic stenosis. Aortic valve is
tricuspid.
*
Heart: An atrial diverticulum is noted about the intra-atrial septum.
Slitlike structure about the septum is suggestive of a PFO. Patient is
status post CABG, with patent LIMA to LAD graft as well as 2 left-sided
patent aortocoronary bypass grafts. No right-sided bypass graft
identified. There is no significant pericardial effusion.
*
Pulmonary Arteries:The pulmonary arteries are normal in caliber. No
definite pulmonary artery filling defect identified.
*
There is advanced atherosclerosis throughout the abdominal aorta with
multifocal ulcerating plaque and a penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer in
the infrarenal aorta (location -480.5).
The celiac artery, SMA and IMA are patent.
One right renal artery and one left renal artery are identified. There is
moderate stenosis at the right renal ostium with poststenotic dilatation.
*
Advanced atherosclerotic changes are seen in the bilateral iliofemoral
arteries, with moderate to severe stenoses in the bilateral common iliac
arteries
*
*
CT CHEST:
Thoracic Inlet: Evaluation of the thyroid gland is limited due to beam
hardening. No supraclavicular lymphadenopathy.
Mediastinum / Hila: No pathologically enlarged lymph nodes. The esophagus
is patulous.
Chest wall: Normal.
*
Lungs / Airways: There are emphysematous changes most pronounced in the
upper lobes. Clustered groundglass opacities in the periphery of the left
upper lobe are likely infectious/inflammatory. There is dependent
atelectasis and peripheral reticulation throughout the bilateral lungs.
Central airways are patent without suspicious filling defects.
Pleural Space: There is no significant pleural effusion. No pneumothorax
is seen.
*
CT ABDOMEN / PELVIS:
Liver: Unremarkable.
Gallbladder: Normal.
Bile Ducts: Normal.
Pancreas: No suspicious pancreatic mass.
Spleen: Unremarkable.
GI Tract: Unremarkable.
*
Kidneys: Symmetric perfusion. No hydronephrosis or suspicious renal
masses.
Adrenals: No discrete adrenal nodules.
*
Lymph nodes: No pathologically enlarged lymph nodes.
*
Pelvic Organs: There is prostatomegaly.
Bladder: Diffuse wall thickening is likely related to chronic outlet
obstruction.
Miscellaneous: No significant free fluid.
Abdominal Wall: Unremarkable.
*
Bones: Sternotomy wiring is intact. There are multilevel degenerative
changes throughout the visualized spine. No acute fractures.
*
IMPRESSION:
*Severe stenoses of the bilateral subclavian artery secondary to cervical
ribs. Advanced atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta and iliofemoral
arteries, with moderate to severe stenoses in the bilateral common iliac
arteries and penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer in the infrarenal aorta.
*Status post CABG with patent LIMA to LAD and 2 patent left sided
aortocoronary bypass grafts.
*Aortic valve thickening and calcification, compatible with known aortic
valve stenosis. Please see separate report for preprocedural TAVR
measurements.

Medical Billing and Coding Forum