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The aliasing problem
In principle, a Nyquist frequency just larger than the signal bandwidth is sufficient to allow perfect reconstruction of the signal from the samples. However, this reconstruction requires an ideal filter that passes some frequencies unchanged while suppressing all others completely (commonly called a brickwall filter). Such a filter is both unattainable in practice and, even in theory, introduces unwanted time domain artifacts such as ringing artifacts.
Signal frequencies higher than the Nyquist frequency will encounter a “folding” about the Nyquist frequency, back into lower frequencies. For example, if the sample rate is 20 kHz, the Nyquist frequency is 10 kHz, and an 11 kHz signal will fold, or alias, to 9 kHz. However, a 9 kHz signal can also fold up to 11 kHz in that case if the reconstruction filter is not adequate. Both types of aliasing can be important.
When attainable filters are used, some degree of oversampling is necessary to accommodate the practical constraints on anti-aliasing filters: instead of a brickwall, one has flat response in the passband up to a point called the cutoff frequency or corner frequency, (pass all frequencies below there unchanged), then gradual rolloff in a transition band, finally suppressing signals above a certain point completely or almost completely in the stopband. Thus, frequencies close to the Nyquist frequency may be distorted in the sampling and reconstruction process, so the bandwidth should be kept below the Nyquist frequency by some margin (frequency headroom) that depends on the actual filters used.
For example, audio CDs have a sampling frequency of 44100 Hz. The Nyquist frequency is therefore 22050 Hz, which is an upper bound on the highest frequency the data can unambiguously represent. If the chosen anti-aliasing filter (a low-pass filter in this case) has a transition band of 2000 Hz, then the cut-off frequency should be no higher than 20050 Hz to yield a signal with negligible power at frequencies of 22050 Hz and greater.
To avoid aliasing, the Nyquist frequency must be strictly greater than the maximum frequency component within the signal. If the signal contains a frequency component at precisely the Nyquist frequency then the corresponding component of the sample values cannot have sufficient information to reconstruct the Nyquist component in the continuous-time signal because of phase ambiguity. In such a case, there would be an infinite number of possible and different sinusoids (of varying amplitude and phase) of the Nyquist frequency component that are represented by the discrete samples: see Sampling theorem: Critical frequency.
Other meanings
Early uses of the term Nyquist Frequency, such as those cited above, are all consistent with the definition presented in this article. Some later publications, including some respectable textbooks, call the signal bandwidth or twice the signal bandwidth the Nyquist frequency; still others refer to the Nyquist rate (twice the signal bandwidth) as Nyquist frequency; these are distinctly minority usages.
References
^ Ulf. Grenander (1959). Probability and Statistics: The Harald Cramr Volume. Wiley. http://books.google.com/books?id=UPc0AAAAMAAJ&q=%22nyquist+frequency%22+date:0-1965&dq=%22nyquist+frequency%22+date:0-1965&as_brr=0&ei=R0LsRtqLN6HApgLT8726Dw&pgis=1. “The Nyquist frequency is that frequency whose period is two sampling intervals.”
^ Harry L. Stiltz (1961). Aerospace Telemetry. Prentice-Hall. http://books.google.com/books?id=cro8AAAAIAAJ&q=%22nyquist+frequency%22+date:0-1965&dq=%22nyquist+frequency%22+date:0-1965&as_brr=0&ei=R0LsRtqLN6HApgLT8726Dw&pgis=1. “the existence of power in the continuous signal spectrum at frequencies higher than the Nyquist frequency is the cause of aliasing error”
^ B. V. Korvin-Kroukovsky (1961). Theory of Seakeeping. Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. http://books.google.com/books?id=W7Q8AAAAIAAJ&q=%22nyquist+frequency%22+date:0-1965&dq=%22nyquist+frequency%22+date:0-1965&as_brr=0&ei=R0LsRtqLN6HApgLT8726Dw&pgis=1. “The Nyquist frequency is often called the folding frequency or cut-off frequency”
^ Michael J. Roberts (2004). Signals and Systems: Analysis Using Transform Methods and MATLAB. McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 0072499427. http://books.google.com/books?id=c2oN_GozNPoC&pg=PA503&dq=highest-frequency-present-in-a-signal+nyquist-frequency&lr=&as_brr=0&ei=aNGWR5vPN56ktgON2_jnBA&sig=c2t2D_p_8eYTSpQh_AkV1FG1hLo#PPA503,M1.
^ Uwe Windhorst and Hkan Johansson (1999). Modern Techniques in Neuroscience Research. Springer. ISBN 3540644601. http://books.google.com/books?id=cjCnNtIhjMQC&pg=PA630&dq=bandwidth+nyquist-frequency&lr=&as_brr=0&ei=8c6WR6G1LqLstAOsqPjnBA&sig=vVqDAkDdIdrcoirjCWZdPTIOpHQ.
^ Jonathan M. Blackledge (2003). Digital Signal Processing: Mathematical and Computational Methods, Software Development and Applications. Horwood Publishing. ISBN 1898563489. http://books.google.com/books?id=G_2Zh7ldQIIC&pg=PA93&dq=intitle:digital+intitle:signal+intitle:processing+nyquist-frequency&lr=&as_brr=0&ei=EsiWR8GAIYOUtgO865HoBA&sig=0nPyEIzaULnMF_UsY6TjPI6SN6w.
^ Paulo Sergio Ramirez Diniz, Eduardo A. B. Da Silva, Sergio L. Netto (2002). Digital Signal Processing: System Analysis and Design. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521781752. http://books.google.com/books?id=L9ENNEPbZ8IC&pg=PA24&dq=intitle:digital+intitle:signal+intitle:processing+bandwidth+nyquist-frequency&lr=&as_brr=0&ei=8MmWR8DJF6CQtwOu4_znBA&sig=JFC3km12VpmWY6RyusmB594ZTQQ.
See also
Nyquist rate
Kell factor
Sampling frequency
Superoscillation
Signal
Categories: Digital signal processing
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Pumpkin seed oil factory in Prekmurje, Slovenia
Cucurbita pepo var. styriaca
Dried seed of Cucurbita pepo var. styriaca
Pumpkin seed oil (Kernl or Krbiskernl in German, buno olje in Slovenian, buino ulje or bundevino ulje in Serbian and Croatian)and tkmag-olaj in Hungarian is a culinary specialty of south eastern Austria (Styria), eastern Slovenia (Styria and Prekmurje), north western Croatia (esp. Meimurje), adjacent regions of Hungary, and a European Union Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) product.
Today the oil is an important export commodity of Austrian and Slovenian parts of Styria. It is made by pressing roasted, hulled pumpkin seeds (pepitas), from a local variety of pumpkin, the “Styrian oil pumpkin” (Cucurbita pepo var. styriaca, also known as var. oleifera). It has been produced and used in Styria’s southern parts at least since the 18th century. The earliest confirmed record of oil pumpkin seeds in Styria (from the estate of a farmer in Gleinsttten) dates to February 18, 1697.
The viscous oil is light green to dark red in colour depending on the thickness of the observed sample. The oil appears green in thin layer and red in thick layer. Such optical phenomenon is called dichromatism. Pumpkin oil is one of the substances with strongest dichromatism. Its Kreft’s dichromaticity index is -44. Used together with yoghurt, the colour turns to bright green and is sometimes referred to as “green-gold”.
Culinary uses
Pumpkin seed oil has an intense nutty taste and is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Browned oil has a bitter taste. Pumpkin seed oil serves as a salad dressing when combined with honey or olive oil. The typical Styrian dressing consists of pumpkin seed oil and cider vinegar. But the oil is also used for desserts, giving ordinary vanilla icecream an exquisite nutty taste. Using it as a cooking oil, however, destroys its essential fatty acids.[not in citation given]
Medicinal uses
Claims, based on local folk medicine, suggesting usefulness of the oil in the prevention and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia may be backed by some studies showing clinically proven efficacy (particularly along with Serenoa repens, saw palmetto, and Pygeum africanum) according to the criteria of evidence-based medicine.[citation needed]
Pumpkin seed oil is most commonly used to treat irritable bowel syndrome.[citation needed] Small studies have also shown that pumpkin seeds, which contain amino acids, steroidal compounds, and omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, may lower the risk of certain types of kidney stones and improve symptoms associated with enlarged prostates Additionally, pumpkin seeds reportedly contain significant amounts of L-tryptophan.[citation needed] Some studies have also found pumpkin seeds to prevent arteriosclerosis and regulate cholesterol levels.[citation needed]
Pumpkin seed oil, commonly prescribed in German folk medicine, remedies parasitic infestations of the intestinal tract such as tapeworms.
Seed types and oil
Other types of pumpkin seed oil are also marketed worldwide. International producers use white seeds with shells and this produces a cheaper white oil. New producers of seeds are located in China and India.
An analysis of the oil extracted from the seeds of each of twelve cultivars of C. maxima yielded the following ranges for the percentage of several fatty acids:
n:unsat
Fatty acid name
Percentage range
(14:0)
Myristic acid
0.09-0.27
(16:0)
Palmitic acid
12.6-18.4
(16:1)
Palmitoleic acid
0.12-0.52
(18:0)
Stearic acid
5.1-8.5
(18:1)
Oleic acid
17.0-39.5
(18:2)
Linoleic acid
18.1-62.8
(18:3)
Linolenic acid
0.34-0.82
(20:0)
Arachidic acid
0.26-1.12
(20:1)
Gadoleic acid
0-0.17
(22:0)
Behenic acid
0.12-0.58
The study did not distinguish between positional isomers (e.g. -3 versus -6 linolenic acid). The sum of myristic and palmitic acid (cholesterogenic saturated fatty acids) content ranged from 12.8 to 18.7%. The total unsaturated acid content ranged from 73.1 to 80.5%. The very long chain fatty acid (> 18 carbon atoms) content ranged from 0.44 to 1.37%.
References
^ Kreft S and Kreft M (2007) Physicochemical and physiological basis of dichromatic colour, Naturwissenschaften 94, 935-939. On-line PDF
^ Kreft S, Kreft M: Quantification of dichromatism: a characteristic of colour in transparent materials; Journal of the Optical Society of America A: Vol. 26, Iss. 7, pp. 15761581 (2009) http://www.opticsinfobase.org/josaa/abstract.cfm?uri=josaa-26-7-1576
^ The Benefits of Pumpkin Seeds[unreliable source?]
^ World’s Healthiest Foods
^ Alternative Medicine Magazine, January 2008, Issue 103, page 16.
^ Pumpkin Seed Oil – Vits n’ Pieces
^ Stevenson, D. G., Eller, F. J., Wang, L., Jane, J., Wang, T., & INglett, G. E. “Oil and Tocopherol content and Composition of Pumpkin Seed Oil in 12 Cultivars” J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007(55) 4005-4013. The data are found in Table 3 on page 4010.
Dreikorn, K; Berges, R; Pientka, L; Jonas, U. “Phytotherapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Current evidence-based evaluation” Urologe A. September 2002; 41(5):447-51. (German) Quotation: “Only a few randomized clinical trials that meet standard criteria of evidence-based medicine but with relatively short follow-up times and some meta-analyses mainly regarding Serenoa repens and Pygeum africanum as well as more recent studies on pumpkin seeds have shown clinical effects and good tolerability.”
Vahlensieck, W, Jr. “With alpha blockers, finasteride and nettle root against benign prostatic hyperplasia. Which patients are helped by conservative therapy?” MMW Fortschr Med. 18 April 2002; 144(16):33-6. (German) Summary: Established medications for the treatment of BPH in current use are alpha-blockers, finasteride, and the phytotherapeutic agents pumpkin seed (Cucurbitae semen), nettle root (Urticae radix), the phytosterols contained in Hypoxis rooperi, rye pollen and the fruits of saw palmetto (Sabalis serrulati fructus)
Dreikorn, K. “The role of phytotherapy in treating lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic hyperplasia”. World J Urol. April 2002; 19(6):426-35. Summary: A number of short-term randomised trials and some meta-analyses in the recent literature suggest clinical efficacy and good tolerability for some preparations, mainly extracts from Serenoa repens and also Pygeum africanum, products with high concentrations of beta-sitosterol, and pumpkin seeds.
Bracher, F. “Phytotherapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia”, Urologe A. January 1997; 36(1):10-7. (German) Quotation: “In this article, the most widely used phytopharmaceutical agents, such as saw palmetto berry extracts, Radix urticae extracts, pumpkin seeds, pollen extracts and different phytosterols, are described. Based on these results, the use of phytopharmaceutical agents for the treatment of mild to moderate symptomatic BPH seems to be well justified.”
Carbin, B.E.; Larsson, B.; Lindahl, O. “Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with phytosterols”, Br J Urol. December 1990; 66(6):639-41. Quotation: “In a randomised, double-blind study, the preparation Curbicin, obtained from pumpkin seeds and dwarf palm plants (Cucurbita pepo l. and Sabal serrulata), was compared with a placebo in the treatment of symptoms caused by prostatic hyperplasia; 53 patients took part in the study, which was carried out over a 3-month period. Urinary flow, micturition time, residual urine, frequency of micturition and a subjective assessment of the effect of treatment were all significantly improved in the treatment group.”
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Pumpkin seed oil
Record on the EU Commission Agriculture PDO/PGI website[clarification needed]
v d e
Edible fats and oils
Fats
Bacon fat Blubber Butter Clarified butter Cocoa butter Dripping Duck fat Ghee Lard Margarine Niter kibbeh Salo Schmaltz Shea butter Smen Suet Tallow Vegetable shortening
Oils
Almond oil Argan oil Avocado oil Canola oil Cashew oil Castor oil Coconut oil Colza oil Corn oil Cottonseed oil Fish oil Grape seed oil Hazelnut oil Hemp oil Linseed oil (flaxseed oil) Macadamia oil Marula oil Mongongo nut oil Mustard oil Olive oil Palm oil (palm kernel oil) Peanut oil Pecan oil Perilla oil Pine nut oil Pistachio oil Poppyseed oil Pumpkin seed oil Rapeseed oil Rice bran oil Safflower oil Sesame oil Soybean oil Sunflower oil Tea seed oil Walnut oil Watermelon seed oil Whale oil
See also: List of vegetable oils Cooking oil Essential oil
Categories: Cooking oils | Vegetable oilsHidden categories: All articles lacking reliable references | Articles lacking reliable references from July 2009 | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from July 2009 | Articles with unsourced statements from March 2008 | Articles with unsourced statements from May 2008 | All pages needing cleanup | Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2008
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www.bd.gov.cn/
Baoding (Chinese: ; pinyin: Bodng) is a prefecture-level city in Hebei province, China.
Contents
1 History
2 Geography and climate
3 Administrative divisions
4 Demographics
5 Economy
6 Renewable energy
7 Transport
8 Culture
8.1 Historic Sites
9 Notable people
10 International relations
10.1 Twin towns sister cities
11 Gallery
12 References
13 External links
//
History
Baoding is a city with a history dating back to the Western Han Dynasty. It was destroyed by the Mongols in the 13th century, but after the Mongols established the Yuan Dynasty, it was rebuilt. It acquired the name “Baoding” during the Yuan dynasty the name is roughly interpreted as “protecting the capital”, referring to the city’s proximity to Beijing. Baoding served for many years as the capital of Zhili, and was a significant centre of culture in the Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. After Zhili province was abolished in 1928 Baoding became the capital of the newly formed Hebei province. During World War II, the city was the site of a headquarters for Japanese occupation forces. In 1958, the role of provincial capital was assumed by Tianjin, which had lost its status as a provincial level municipality, but when Tianjin was elevated again in 1966, Baoding regained its position. In 1970, however, the rapidly growing city of Shijiazhuang became capital instead.
Geography and climate
Baoding is located around 140 kilometres south of Beijing. It is nearly halfway between Beijing and Shijiazhuang, the capital of Hebei province.
Baoding is situated on flat plains, to the east of the Taihang Mountains. It is surrounded by farmland. The city is roughly rectangular in shape, and is divided by the north-south Jingguang Railway. Baoding Railway Station marks the geographic centre of the city. The older part of Baoding is on the east side of the railway, and is administratively divided into the North City and South City. On the west side of the railway is the New City, an area of more recent development.
Baoding is located in the middle of Hebei Province, east of Mount Taihang. During the Monsoon season, the yearly average precipitation is 570 millimeters, the yearly average temperature is around 12.0 C.
Administrative divisions
Baoding prefecture-level city consists of 3 municipal districts, 4 county-level cities, 18 counties:
Xinshi District (; pinyin: Xnsh Q)
Beishi District (; pinyin: Bish Q)
Nanshi District (; pinyin: Nnsh Q)
Dingzhou City (; pinyin: Dngzhu Sh)
Zhuozhou City (; pinyin: Zhuzhu Sh)
Anguo City (; pinyin: ngu Sh)
Gaobeidian City (; pinyin: Gobidin Sh)
Mancheng County (; pinyin: Mnchng Xin)
Qingyuan County (; pinyin: Qngyun Xin)
Yi County (; pinyin: Y Xin)
Xushui County (; pinyin: Xshu Xin)
Laiyuan County (; pinyin: Liyun Xin)
Dingxing County (; pinyin: Dngxng Xin)
Shunping County (; pinyin: Shnpng Xin)
Tang County (; pinyin: Tng Xin)
Wangdu County (; pinyin: Wngd Xin)
Laishui County (; pinyin: Lishu Xin)
Gaoyang County (; pinyin: Goyng Xin)
Anxin County (; pinyin: nxn Xin)
Xiong County (; pinyin: Xing Xin)
Rongcheng County (; pinyin: Rngchng Xin)
Quyang County (; pinyin: Qyng Xin)
Fuping County (; pinyin: Fpng Xin)
Boye County (; pinyin: By Xin)
Li County (; pinyin: L Xin, not L Xin)
Demographics
The Baoding urban area has a population of around 635,000 (2002). The population of the Baoding administrative area is larger. The considerable majority are Han Chinese. The language of Baoding is Mandarin Chinese specifically, the Baoding dialect of Ji-Lu Mandarin. Despite Baoding’s proximity to Beijing, the Chinese spoken in Baoding is not particularly close to Beijing dialect rather, it is more closely related to Tianjin dialect.
Economy
Baoding is located in the centre of the Bohai Rim economic area which includes Beijing, Tianjin and Shijiazhuang. One of the largest employers in Baoding is China Lucky Film, the largest photosensitive materials and magnetic recording media manufacturer in China.
Baoding High-tech Industrial Development Zone
Renewable energy
Baoding city has one of China’s biggest plants which manufacture blades used in wind turbine generators, catering mainly to the domestic market. Tianwei Wind Power Technology is one of the three main plants in Baoding that produces wind turbine generators. It wheeled out its first 20 turbines in 2008 and it will produce 150 units in 2009 and another 500 in 2010.
Transport
Baoding has good connections to other cities, being located on one of the main routes in and out of Beijing. The Jingshi Expressway connects the two cities, and Baoding is also the western terminus of the Baojin Expressway linking Baoding with Tianjin. The Jingguang Railway provides frequent services to Beijing West Railway Station.
Baoding’s internal public transport system consists of buses (costing one yuan for any trip within the urban area). Taxis are also common.
Culture
A courtyard in the mansion of the governor of Zhili
Another street of Baoding
Perhaps the best known item to supposedly originate in Baoding are Baoding Balls.
Anxin County is home to the Quantou Village Music Association (), a well known traditional music group performing on guan (oboes), sheng (mouth organs), and percussion. The village of Quantou is located on an island in Lake Baiyangdian.
The city’s streets follow a rough grid pattern, although this is less obvious in the older part of the city. The traditional main street of old Baoding is Yuhua Road, running from the city’s centre to its eastern edge most of Baoding’s historic buildings are located in this area, along with some of its larger shopping centres. Other major streets include Dongfeng Road and Changyang Avenue. There is a ring road around the city.
Baoding is home to Hebei University, among others.
Historic Sites
Baoding’s ancient lotus gardens
Baoding contains a number of notable historic sites. In the city proper, there can be found a historic provincial governor’s mansion and an ancient lotus garden. In the hills to the northwest of the city, near the suburb of Mancheng, there are the Mancheng Han Tombs, where prince Liu Sheng and his wife Dou Wan were buried.
The greater Baoding administrative area has 15 designated state-level cultural relics:
Yan State Capital Relics (475BC-221BC, Yixian County)
Great Wall at Zijinguan Pass (1368-1644, Yixian County and Laiyuan County)
Lao Morality Classic Tablet (618-907, Yixian County)
Western Qing Tombs (1730-1915, Yixian County)
Geyuan Temple (916-1125, Laiyuan County)
Ciyun Temple (1306, Dingxing County)
Yicihui Stone Pillar (550-577, Dingxing County)
Kaiyuan Temple (960-1127, Dingzhou County)
Kaishansi Temple (618-907, Gaobeidian County)
Dingzhou Porcelain Kiln Relic (960-1127, Quyang County)
Northern Mount Temple (386-543, Quyang County)
Jin-cha-ji Border Region Headquarter Ruins (1938, Fuping County)
Ranzhuang Underground Tunnel (1937-1945, Qingyuan County)
Mancheng Han Tombs (154BC-113BC, Mancheng County)
Zhili Provincial Governor Office (1730-1911, Baoding)
Notable people
Guo Jingjing – diver and Olympic gold medalist in 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics.
International relations
Main article: List of twin towns and sister cities in China
Twin towns sister cities
Baoding is twinned with:
Charlotte, North Carolina, United States
Yonago, Tottori, Japan
Saijo, Ehime, Japan
Gallery
Temple in the centre of old Baoding
Back street in old Baoding
Arch on Yuhua Road, old Baoding
An intersection in Yuhua Road’s shopping district
A civic monument
A public park
A public park
Baoding Cathedral
Baoding Railway Station
Baoding city buses
References
^ http://www.baodingtravel.com/ev/baoding.htm
^ http://oice.hbu.edu.cn/OldWeb/e_baoding.htm
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Baoding
Baoding Government Website
Hebei Commerce
Baoding Taoist Association
v d e
Province of Hebei
Shijiazhuang (Capital)
History Politics Economy Music
Province-level divisions
Prefecture-level cities
Baoding Cangzhou Chengde Handan Hengshui Langfang Qinhuangdao Shijiazhuang Tangshan Xingtai Zhangjiakou
List of Hebei County-level divisions
v d e
National Capital Region
Beijing
Beijing (Chaoyang Haidian Fengtai)
Hebei Province
Baoding Langfang Shijiazhuang Zhangjiakou Chengde Xingtai
Coordinates: 3851 11529 / 38.85N 115.483E / 38.85; 115.483
Categories: Baoding | Cities in Hebei | Prefecture-level divisions of HebeiHidden categories: Articles containing Chinese language text
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Toluene diisocyanate is mainly 2-isocyanate (TDI) and diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) 90% or more of the world consumption used for furniture, buildings and transportation of soft polyurethane foam production, followed by the application of a rigid foam, adhesives, paint, concrete sealants, as the nylon 6 cross-linking agent, as well as Preparation of polyurethane coatings and polyurethane elastomer intermediates.
Globally, 80% of the diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI) for the production of polyurethane foam, polyurethane foam mostly for construction, also used in refrigeration, packaging and insulation. Rigid foam used for insulation, flexible foam for furniture, mattresses and transport pad lining material. MDI is also used in elastomers, adhesives, sealants, coatings and plastics and so on. Most of pure MDI used in injection molding, production car bumpers and other components, but also for other purposes. MDI has aggregated level, mixed-level (two dimers and the trimer mixture) and pure single-level three levels. Aggregation level is the main material, accounting for 80% of commercially available products.
In 2001 the world’s isocyanate production is about 3.68 million tons, of which TDI output of 1.27 million tons, MDI output of 2.41 million tons. TDI close to the global demand growth of 2.5% -3%, China’s demand for TDI from the 2001 forecast of 21.8 million ton / year in 2005 to 29.9 million metric tons in 2010 to 48.2 million tons. MDI global annual growth rate of 6%, China’s current annual consumption of MDI2001 year was 22.6 million tons, estimated that by 2005 to 32.6 million tons by 2010 reaching 57.6 million tons. TDI 90% in China to rely on imports to meet, MDI72% to rely on imports to meet. Therefore, some foreign companies and Chinese partners intend to build a new plant in China’s share of China’s market.
1 Development of China’s isocyanate chemical companies in 1989, Gansu Yinguang TDI plant imported from Germany to fill the domestic blank. Subsequently introduced the three TDI units: Shanghai Wusong Chemical Plant, Shanxi Taiyuan Chemical Group and the Company’s set of Cangzhou Dahua. But now only two sets of Cangzhou Dahua and Gansu Yinguang normal production, while production capacity of 7 million ton / year, but the actual output is less than 2 million ton / year. China TDI market space now has up to 15 million tons, of which 90% rely on imports to meet. China MDI Industry Yantai Wanhua Polyurethane Co., Ltd. is only an annual output of 70,000 tons capacity, several other companies produce only a few tons of production capacity, total less than 8 million tons. China imported in large quantities from abroad isocyanate. In recent years, Yantai Wanhua Polyurethane Co., Ltd., Qingdao Institute of Chemical Technology jointly conducted with the MDI manufacturing technology research, have successfully developed an annual output of 15 thousand tons, 2 million tons and 40,000 tons of MDI manufacturing technology, and mastered by 8 million tons of MDI core manufacturing technology, so China has become, following Germany, the United States, Japan, fourth after the MDI manufacturing technologies have independent intellectual property rights in the country.
At present, the company produces five series of 19 brands of MDI products. In 2003, the company intends to expand MDI device to 80000 ton, 160,000-ton expansion in 2010. Cangzhou Dahua Company and Jinhua Chemical Co., Ltd. produce 100,000 tons a new TDI project entered a substantive evaluation stage. 2001 Chinese demand for 200,000 tons MDI and 197,000 tons TDI, the demand far exceeds domestic production capacity, China’s isocyanate industry must accelerate development. According to China’s economic development over the next 10 years, the potential and demand for products of isocyanate acid fast-growing trend, according to China Polyurethane Association, predicted that in the “Tenth Five-Year Plan” period, MDI and TDI will grow by 13% and 11%. In the 10th a five-year plan will be an increase of 12% and 19%. The rate of growth has also attracted foreign companies in China’s construction MDI and TDI devices, the commissioning of these devices will significantly change China’s MDI and TDI, the supply of the status quo, to 2005, foreign companies may supply China isocyanate demand more than half. By 2005, Southeast Asia isocyanate supply will also have major changes.
Yantai Wanhua’s current annual output of 160,000 tons a new MDI plant project has been approved by the State Council officially approved. This means that the project is completed, Yantai Wanhua’s MDI production capacity from the current annual output of 70,000 tons jumped to 24 million tons. But by 2006, China’s output of domestic MDI reach 650,000 tons, while demand no more than 40 million tons, would be a serious oversupply situation in two foreign companies a beachhead in China due to China’s market of prospects and hope that as soon as possible to boost the competitive force and occupy the market, the world’s several major manufacturers have launched in China’s construction of a new factory plan isocyanate. Germany the United States in Shanghai Chemical Industrial Park build-isocyanate project accelerated.
The integration of 1 billion U.S. dollars investment in isocyanate integrated production system, comprising three separate joint ventures. First, an annual output of 160,000 tons MDI device and its raw material aniline and nitrobenzene installations. By BASF, Huntsman Corporation, Shanghai Chlor-Alkali Chemical Company, Shanghai Huayi (Group) Company, Sinopec Group and Sinopec Shanghai Gao Qiao Petrochemical Corporation joint venture. Second, TDI and its annual output of 130,000 tons of nitric acid and dinitrotoluene raw material production plant. By BASF, Shanghai Huayi (Group) Company, Sinopec Group and Sinopec Shanghai Gao Qiao Petrochemical Corporation joint venture. Third, by Huntsman Corporation and Shanghai Chlor-Alkali Chemical Company jointly built by the processing units of a MDI. Device construction is expected to put into operation in 2004. Bayer Polyurethanes (Shanghai) subsidiary will also invest in the Shanghai Chemical Industrial Zone, 1.2 billion euros, 100%-owned building 38 million ton / year isocyanate devices, including 23 million tons / year MDI plant, 15 tons / year TDI plant at the same time building 280,000 tons / year polyether polyol unit.
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Technology upgrading slow, weak infrastructure and high cost structure of the Indian textile industry will be the main factors concerned.
According to a study revealed that by 2010, India will be the world’s total textile and clothing exports account for 8% of market share to reach 50 billion U.S. dollars.
According to PHDCCI the end of the Multi Fibre Agreement on the Indian textile and clothing industry, because of the inherent cost and operational advantages, India’s textile export market in 2010 will grow to about 655 billion rupees, while the present bit 400 billion rupees.
As good garment production, apparel will be the engine of export growth in India, because the average unit price of garments to achieve the highest of high value-added ingredients.
In the era after the multi-fiber agreement, India’s textile and clothing market in the U.S. and EU market share of the increase will be sufficient. U.S. and EU markets are India’s major export markets.
Only the United States, India’s apparel market share estimates from the current 4% to 15%. In the EU clothing market, India’s market share is expected to increase from 50% increase from the current 6% to 9%. India’s share of EU textile market is estimated from the current 9% to 11% of the post-quota era.
This optimism is based on a favorable position in which India obtained as Indonesia to take advantage of low-cost, better use of domestic production of fabrics and other inputs advantage.
India’s textiles and clothing than the comparative advantages of China in Southeast Asia and neighboring countries high. India’s comparative advantage to 4.67, and China reached 3.18. In the clothing, India has a comparative advantage to 3.90, and China 3.64. Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam’s comparative advantage in textiles 1.98,2.49,0.36,0.41,1.16,1.12 respectively, while India’s comparative advantage is 4.67.
India’s textile industry’s major competitors will fully help the textile sector, the post-quota era because they can open up viable economic scale.
Indian fashion industry with high added value is another advantage, because the Indian textile industry to the fashion trend for the development of the world to change.
PHDCCI study warned that the cost structure, slow technological upgrading and weak infrastructure can hurt India’s competitive position.
In the cost structure, PHDCCI study found that many Southeast Asian countries, especially China, without the function of labor costs in total output in the clothing industry in India, the proportion reached 21.1%, Vietnam 9%, South Korea 15%, China reached 18.2%. As the greater part of India’s exports of low price, which is important to provide efficiency and productivity.
PHDCCI study also warned that the relatively slow technology upgrade will affect large-scale production of market quality. This is based on the cost of other competitors in India, compared with the findings obtained.
Cost of capital in the proportion of total output in the textile industry in India was 6.7%, 7.8% in the garment industry, than China, and the cost of capital in the proportion of total output of 12.2% in the clothing industry, in the textile industry as 12.0%.
Weak infrastructure of India, PHDCCI study found, it will impact India’s textile export bottlenecks. Waiting time in ports 8-12 days. For India, the United Kingdom the opportunity to maximize the use of railway, roads, ports and power facilities should be upgraded to a state of war.
In the post-quota era, the developed countries markets will be open, but the developed countries may re-acquisition non-tariff barriers, such as environmental conditions, social clauses, safety standards to protect them textile and apparel industries. India India, providing quality certification and take the best of the world, in government and industry collaboration between the importance of comprehensive.
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History
The complex was first established as the Phun Phactory in 1993 by Pat DiLillo under a program called Graffiti Terminators to discourage graffiti vandalism by encouraging artists to display their work in a formal showcase.
In 2002 Jonathan Cohen, a graffiti artist operating under the name “Meres” began curating the work. If he is not familiar with an artist, Cohen will ask for a sample of their work; if it is a mural, he will ask for a layout as well. The name 5Pointz signifies the five boroughs coming together as one but, because of its reputation as an epicenter of the graffiti scene, the industrial complex has actually united aerosol artists from across the world. Legendary writers from Canada, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Japan, Brazil, and all over the United States have painted on the building walls, including Stay High 149, Tracy 168, Cope2, Part, and Tats Cru.
Over the past decade, the striking, graffiti-covered warehouse has attracted several hip-hop and R&B stars, including Doug E. Fresh, Kurtis Blow, Grandmaster Kaz, Mobb Deep, Rahzel, DJ JS-1, Boot Camp Clik, Joan Jett, and Joss Stone. One of the first graffiti there was a portrait of Jam Master J, an important member of the early hip hop musical style.[citation needed]
In April 2009 the New York City Buildings department ordered the largest building closed after citing it for numerous building deficiencies including the studio partitions were built without permits. The inspections following an incident on April 10, 2009, in which an artist was injured when part of a concrete fire escape collapsed.
Reaction
John Roleke of About.com writes: “5 Pointz is a living collage of graffiti art covering a converted warehouse full of artist studios”. 5 Pointz is known worldwide, and taggers or graffiti artists from all over the world have come there paint graffiti. 5 Pointz has been the subject of articles in newspapers such as The Christian Science Monitor, The Boston Globe, The New York Times, and the International Herald Tribune.
References
^ a b c Bayliss, Sarah (2004-08-03). “Museum With (Only) Walls”. The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F04EFD9173CF93BA3575BC0A9629C8B63. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
^ http://5ptz.com/graff/about/
^ a b One Artist Is Hurt, and 200 Others Are Feeling the Pain – New York Times – April 18, 2009
^ NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT: LONG ISLAND CITY; Wall Hits a Patron of Graffiti – New York Times – February 15, 1998
^ a b c d Kiper, Dmitry. “Curator of an urban canvas article”. The Christian Science Monitor. http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0724/p20s01-ussc.html. Retrieved 2008-03-19.
^ http://5ptz.com/graff/about/
^ Roleke, John. “5 Pointz – Graffiti Mecca and Home to Artists”. About.com. http://queens.about.com/od/thingtodo/ss/lic_art_2.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-11.
^ Wallgren, Christine (2007-06-24). “Graffiti crew wants a place to call its own”. The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2007/06/24/graffiti_crew_wants_a_place_to_call_its_own/. Retrieved 2008-04-22.
^ “Graffiti artists find legal haven in New York City”. International Herald Tribune. 2007-08-12. http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/08/12/arts/NA-A-E-ART-US-New-York-Graffiti.php. Retrieved 2008-04-22.
External links
5ptz.com
Coordinates: 404443 735644 / 40.745152N 73.94567W / 40.745152; -73.94567
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 5 Pointz
This hip hop music/culture article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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Categories: Graffiti and unauthorised signage | Hip hop stubs | New York City building and structure stubsHidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from April 2008
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Bodybuilding
Prior to wrestling, Coates aspired to become a professional tennis player after watching Martina Navratilova. In order to train effectively for tennis, Coates began weightlifting at 15, and during that same year, she entered her first tennis competition in 1984, where she lasted until the finals. She re-entered the following year and won the Mid-Canada Junior Girls Championship. However, she soon began to shift her attention from tennis to bodybuilding and entered her first contest in the early 1990s, where she won the overall lightweight category of the Windsor Physique Contest. After she began making prominence, Coates decided to move to Los Angeles and worked for two gyms and two bars to finance herself. After being granted professional status in 1995, she won the Jan Tana Classic in 1996. In 1999, she retired from bodybuilding and subsequently began working as a model.
She also competed in the first two seasons of Extreme Dodgeball on the Game Show Network. Her team, the Barbell Mafia team, qualified for the playoffs in the first season but failed to qualify the next year.
Melissa Coates
Personal Info
Birth
June 18, 1974 (1974-06-18) (age 35), Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
Professional Career
Pro-debut
1994 Canadian Nationals, 1994
Best win
1996 Jan Tana Classic Champion, 1994-1996
Professional wrestling career
Training and debut (20052006)
After training at both Killer Kowalski’s training school and Ultimate Pro Wrestling’s Ultimate University, Coates moved down to Louisville, Kentucky to begin training in World Wrestling Entertainment’s developmental territory Ohio Valley Wrestling. Coates then made an appearance at WWE’s Backlash, taking part in Chris Masters’ “Masterlock Challenge” segment, which offered $ 1000 to anyone who could break his Master Lock hold, which she failed to do. She was then placed in OVW as an official trainee and became the “head of security” for Kenny Bolin’s stable “Bolin’s Services”. Soon after, however, Coates left both OVW and WWE and went to work for World Xtreme Wrestling.
After defeating Krissy Vaine in her only match for WXW, Coates returned to OVW, albeit not under a WWE developmental contract, and soon began facing off with several of the OVW Divas, including Beth Phoenix, Mickie James, Melina Perez, and Jillian Hall before becoming the bodyguard of Jillian Hall. Then, along with Hall, she acted as a valet for the Toland Brothers (Chad and Tank Toland). After training in OVW, Coates then moved over to Deep South Wrestling and debuted for the territory as The Bag Lady, a homeless woman who became the love interest and eventually the manager of The Freakin’ Deacon. On February 22, 2007, the Bag Lady debuted a brand new “Diva” look and defeated Angel Williams in their subsequent match. The Bag Lady then began feuding with both Williams and Krissy Vaine before leaving DSW to wrestle on the independent circuit.
Independent circuit (2007resent)
Coates, as Mile High Melissa, in 2008
In her first appearances on the indy circuit after leaving DSW, Coates made her debut for Georgia’s Great Championship Wrestling on May 29 and won the NWA/GCW Women’s Championship from Daffney Unger. Coates continued to remain champion until the title was seemingly forgotten and thus deactivated in late 2007. Coates also made several appearances for other Georgia-based wrestling promotions in both a wrestling and non-wrestling role. On July 7, she made her debut for NWA Anarchy as a villain, challenging and defeating several male wrestlers in intergender matches. At NWA Anarchy’s Fright Night event, Coates teamed up with former fellow DSW wrestler Tony Santarelli to defeat Todd Sexton and referee Wes Grissom, the latter of whom Coates was feuding with. On December 15, Coates began an angle with Don Williams after Coates attacked Williams and his tag team partner Brodie Chase. All three were then entered into an Anarchy Battle Royal to determine the number one contender for the Television Championship, but both Coates and Williams were simultaneously eliminated and Williams began showing smitten affection towards her. On December 29, Williams publicly declared his affection towards Melissa, going as far as to say “I’m smitten like a kitten” before Coates struck him with a forearm smash to his jaw. However, Williams continued his tirade by saying “That’s what I love the most about you. It’s the foreplay.” The angle between the two continued until Williams’ tag team partner Brodie Chase revealed that he and Coates were together, effectively turning Chase into a villain. On May 31, 2008, Chase, with Coates in his corner, defeated Williams. Coates occasionally returns to NWA:ANARCHY and has posted victories over Krissy Vaine and 2ce over experienced MMA fighter Crystal Rose. Coates also made an appearance for Women’s Extreme Wrestling’s 2007 event Payback’s A Bitch, where she wrestled against Amber O’Neal. Following the match, she did a run-in accompanying fellow Canadians Dayhna, Kat Powers and Jaime D (Sirelda from TNA, who had a feud with TNA KNOCKOUT CHAMPION GAIL KIM) during a USA vs. Canada segment in the ring as a supporter of Canada. On the US team were Annie Social, April Hunter, Nurse T, and Amy Lee.
In April 2008, Melissa began a managerial role under the name Mile High Melissa, a flight attendant character. However, when wrestling, she continues to use her real name. She was soon joined by “Captain” Mike Flyte and the pair became known as The Flight Crew and in July 2008, they were joined by “Captain” Jason Static. The group primarily competes in the Northern United States and Canadian independent circuits. After a few months, Static left the group.
On August 23, Coates made her debut in Women Superstars Uncensored and defeated Autumn Breeze in her debut match. Beginning in October, Coates formed a tag team called the Badass Beauties with Trixxie Lynn. The team made its debut on October 10 in a victory over Annie Social and Rick Cataldo. The following day, the Badass Beauties lost to the Beatdown Betties (Roxxie Cotton and Annie Social) in the first round of the WSU tag team tournament.
Personal life
Coates’ mother was a nurse and amateur actress while her father is a doctor. She is the youngest of four children, having a sister and two brothers. She also earned her Bachelor of Science in biology from Lakehead University, due to originally wanting to become a veterinarian. While under contract with World Wrestling Entertainment, Coates began dating Gene Snitsky. However, they broke up after Coates left WWE.
In wrestling
Finishing moves
Coates Rack (Backbreaker rack)
Facelift (Sitout inverted suplex slam)
Signature moves
Botox Lock (Coates uses her legs to trap the opponent’s arms in a modified surfboard)
Nose Job (Inverted Death Valley driver)
Wrestlers managed
Jillian Hall
The Toland Brothers (Chad and Tank Toland), with Jillian Hall
The Freakin’ Deacon
Brodie Chase
The Flight Crew (Captain Mike Flyte and Captain Jason Static)
Nicknames
“Coates Rack” (Extreme Dodgeball)
Championships and accomplishments
Bodybuilding
1991 Windsor Physique 1st (LW)
1992 Eastern Ontario 1st (MW)
1993 Ontario 1st (MW)
1994 Canadian Championships 1st (MW)
1996 Jan Tana Classic 1st (Overall)
1996 IFBB Ms. Olympia 9th
1997 IFBB Ms. International 6th
1997 IFBB Ms. Olympia 11th
1999 IFBB Ms. International 13th
Professional wrestling
!Bang!
!Bang! Women’s Tag Team Championship (1 time, current) with Claudia Reiff
Great Championship Wrestling
NWA/GCW Women’s Championship (1 time)
Other titles
IUWA (Indiana) Diva’s Championship (1 time, current)
DRAGON’CON Women’s Championship (1 time)
References
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac “Women Wrestler Profiles: Melissa Coates”. Online World of Wrestling. http://www.onlineworldofwrestling.com/profiles/m/melissa-coates.html. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k “Cagematch profile”. http://www.cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=1917.
^ “Melissa Coates”. Internet Movie Database. http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1742755/. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
^ a b c Robson, David. “An Interview with Melissa Coates”. Bodybuilding.com. http://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/drobson52.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m “Melissa’s Bio”. Melissa Coates.com: Official Website. http://www.melissacoates.com/mc_bio.html. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
^ Merritt, Greg (November 2004). “Artful Dodgers”. Flex. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0KFY/is_9_22/ai_n6257911/. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
^ Sokol, Chris (May 2, 2005). “Hulkamania rules Backlash”. SLAM! Wrestling. http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/PPVReports/2005/05/02/1021811.html. Retrieved 2009-07-13.
^ a b c Xamin, Mark (July 18, 2007). “Jillian Hall’s bio”. SLAM! Wrestling. http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/Bios/pf-hall-jillian.html. Retrieved 2009-07-12.
^ Rosenthal, Jim (August 2002). “Coates on the mat”. Flex. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0KFY/is_6_20/ai_98488547/. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
^ a b c “Championship histories from Coates’ official website”. http://www.melissacoates.com/mc_wrestling.html.
^ “NWA/GCW Women’s Championship history”. TitleHistories.com. http://www.titlehistories.com/NWA_GCW_Womens_Title.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-02.
External links
Professional wrestling
portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Melissa Coates
Official website (fitness model)
Official website (bodybuilding)
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NWA Anarchy
Championships
Heavyweight National Heavyweight Tag Team Television Young Lions
Roster
Mr Adonis Brodie Ray Chase Melissa Coates Seth Delay Truitt Fields Jay Fury Adrian Hawkins Iceberg Slim J Shadow Jackson Mikael Judas Kimo Jeff Lewis Malachi Kyle Matthews Don Matthews Nemesis Chad Parham Sal Rinauro Ace Rockwell Todd Sexton Phill Shatter Jeremy Vain Hayden Young
Tag Teams
Awesome Attraction (Hayden Young and Austin Creed) The Devil’s Rejects (Azrael and Shaun Tempers) Hollywood Brunettes (Andrew Alexander and Kyle Matthews) New Wave (Derrick Driver and Steven Walters) Wild Bunch (Billy Buck and Chris King) Talent and Money (Andrew Pendleton III and JT Talent) Texas Treats (Don Juan and Chris Marvel) The Technicians (Tyler Smith and Bob E.) Chip Day and Wes Grissom
Categories: 1969 births | Living people | 20th-century Canadian people | 20th-century female bodybuilders | Canadian expatriate professional wrestling people in the United States | Canadian female professional wrestlers | Female bodybuilders | Female professional wrestlers | People from Thunder Bay, Ontario | Wrestling people from Ontario
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History of the Turboencabulator
An early reference to the turbo-encabulator appeared in an article by New York lawyer Bernard Salwen in Time on April 15, 1946. Part of Salwen’s job was to review technical manuscripts. He was amused by the jargon and wrote the classic description of a non-existent turboencabulator .
In 1955 the turboencabulator was supposedly described by a “J.H. Quick” in “The Institution of Electrical Engineers, Students Quarterly Journal” 25 (London), p184 in 1955 . (Other sources give vol 15 no. 58 p. 22, December 1944.)
Page 1 of 1962 description of a turboencabulator “made” by GE
Page 2 of 1962 description of a turboencabulator “made” by GE
In 1962 a turboencabulator data sheet was created by engineers at General Electric’s Instrument Department, in West Lynn, Massachusetts. It quoted from the previous sources and was inserted into the General Electric Handbook . The turboencabulator data sheet had the same format as the other pages in the G.E. Handbook. The engineers added “Shure Stat” in “Technical Features”, which was peculiar only to the Instrument Department, and included the first known graphic representation of a “manufactured” turboencabulator using parts made at the Instrument Department.
Circa 1988 the former Chrysler Corporation “manufactured” the Turboencabulator in a video spoof. See external link in the bottom of this article.
Circa 1997 Rockwell Automation “manufactured” the renamed Retro-Encabulator in another video spoof. See external link in the bottom of this article.
The technical descriptions of all these turboencabulators remain remarkably similar over the years.
Typical technical description
The following quote is from the Time article. “General Electric”, “Chrysler” and “Rockwell Automation” use many of the same words.
“Work has been proceeding in order to bring perfection to the crudely conceived idea of a machine that would not only supply inverse reactive current for use in unilateral phase detractors, but would also be capable of automatically synchronizing cardinal grammeters. Such a machine is the ‘Turbo-Encabulator’.
“The original machine had a base-plate of prefabulated amulite, surmounted by a malleable logarithmic casing in such a way that the two spurving bearings were in a direct line with the pentametric fan. … The main winding was of the normal lotus-o-delta type placed in panendermic semi-boloid slots in the stator, every seventh conductor being connected by a nonreversible trem’e pipe to the differential girdlespring on the ‘up’ end of the grammeters.
“Forty-one manestically spaced grouting brushes were arranged to feed into the rotor slipstream a mixture of high S-value phenylhydrobenzamine and 5% reminative tetryliodohexamine. Both of these liquids have specific pericosities given by P = 2.5C.n^6-7 where n is the diathetical evolute of retrograde temperature phase disposition and C is Cholmondeley’s annular grillage coefficient. Initially, n was measured with the aid of a metapolar refractive pilfrometer … but up to the present date nothing has been found to equal the transcendental hopper dadoscope. … Undoubtedly, the turbo-encabulator has now reached a very high level of technical development. It has been successfully used for operating nofer trunnions. In addition, whenever a barescent skor motion is required, it may be employed in conjunction with a drawn reciprocating dingle arm to reduce sinusoidal depleneration.”
Fact and Fiction
While the turboencabulator is completely made up, most of the brands and divisions mentioned in the videos exist and are accurately described. Allen-Bradley manufactures controls. Dodge Power Transmission manufactures gears and bearings. Reliance Electric manufactures motors, and Rockwell Software is a division of Rockwell Automation.
The equipment shown in the original Chrysler video are a real Chrysler four-wheel drive transaxle and diagnostic equipment, and the Rockwell video uses real parts that can be ordered from Allen-Bradley, including the motor control center (MCC) that is being described as the retro-encabulator.
Most generators operate by the “relative motion of conductors and fluxes”. On the other hand, the Retro-Encabulator is said to use the “modial interaction of magneto-reluctance and capacitive directance”. As plausible as this may sound to non-engineers, “modial” and “directance” are not even words, much less meaningful engineering terms. Some of the other parts mentioned in the video, (e.g., “differential girdle spring” and “dingle arm”) help signal even the technically non-proficient that it is a joke.
References
^ a b For Nofer Trunnions, Time, 15/04/1946.
^ turboencabulator.txt
^ Turboencabulator.
Usage
Time; May 6, 1946; An adjunct to the turbo-encabulator, employed whenever a barescent skor motion is required.
Time; June 3, 1946; If the sackful of mail we have received from you is any indication, the story of “The Turbo-Encabulator in Industry” struck many a responsive chord. Aside from those of you who wanted to be reassured that TIME hadn’t been taken in, we received the customary complaints about using too much technical jargon for the layman, observations such as “My husband says it sounds like a new motor; I say it sounds like a dictionary that has been struck by lightning”; suggestions that it “might have come out of the mouth of Danny Kaye,” and plaintive queries like: “Is this good?” Wrote one bemused U.S. Navyman: “It’sh poshible.” To some the turbo-encabulator sounded as though it would be a “wonderful machine for changing baby’s diapers.” A reader from Hoboken assumed that it would be on sale soon in Manhattan department stores. Many of you wrote in to thank us for illuminating what you have long wanted to tell your scientist friends.
The Coe College Cosmos; May 23, 1951, Cedar Rapids, Iowa; “Now I have a brand new turboencabulator with the … we hope that Jasper … hasn’t scared away all the little tots from future operettas. Seems that he had …”
External links
The complete Chrysler video, circa ~1988-1990 on YouTube
Dodge video – 1997 on YouTube
Complete Rockwell video on Google Video
The Turbo-encabulator in Industry
Retroencabulator website (contains Turbo-Encabulator text with “Turbo” replaced by “Retro”; does not contain the text from the Retro-Encabulator video)
An Interview with actor Mike Kraft who starred in several videos, including the Chrysler one, playing the service instructor and a late Rockwell remake (available on his own site) Kraft even has vague plans of filming a retroencabulator sequel.
Categories: Professional humor | Fictional technology | Hoaxes in science | Hoaxes in the United States
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